The largest group of marine reptiles, the sea snakes, occur in the tropical and subtropical waters of the indian and pacific oceans from the east coast of africa to the gulf of panama. It is known as the little file snake, marine file snake. The elephant trunk snake acrochordus javanicus is an aquatic snake that has an interesting look. There are six genera of acrochordidae and seven or eight species. We used unique genomic processing methods and generated pals for the. All tested aca6 genes showed an exclusively pseudoautosomal pattern in the members of the families. Our criterion 200 m divergence was also satisfied for at least one sistergroup comparison among terrestrial elapids demansia vestigiata 261 m vs. You must be registered and loged in for adding comments and discussion threads. Snake mitochondrial genomes are of great interest in understanding mitogenomic evolution because of gene duplications and rearrangements and the fast evolutionary rate of their genes compared to other vertebrates. Acrochordus granulatus is a snake species found from india through southeast asia to the solomon islands.
An aquatic animal faces challenges not encountered by its terrestrial counterparts, promoting adaptive responses in multiple traits. We strongly believe that the database is a great initiative and will serve as an invaluable asset for our nation. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Acrochordus granulatus is the only species that is extant in. The impacts of this species are currently unknown, as no studies have been done to determine how it has affected ecosystems in the invaded range. Acrochordus javanicus invasive species list and scorecards. Photographs, distribution map and other information on little file snake acrochordus granulatus at the australian reptile online database. Acrochordids, particularly acrochordus granulatus have some of the most specialized morphology and physiology for life in saltwater, including the greatest capacity to store oxygen found in any vertebrate. It does, however, mean that research is required to evaluate effects before conclusions can be made. Pdf a record of the banded file snake, acrochordus granulatus. A suite of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci for. Mar 26, 2016 little file snake, acrochordus granulatus, schneider 1799.
Acrochordus javanicus is found within the coastal regions of india and sri lanka, and throughout the indoaustralian islands as far as the solomons. Little file snake acrochordus granulatus at the australian. Distribution and conservation of file snake acrochordus granulatus. Chersydrus granulatus schneider 180x acrochordus fasciatus shaw 1802 pelamis granulatus daudin 1803 hydrus granulatus raffles 1822 acrochordus granulatus cantor 1847 chersydrus annulatus gray 1849.
The highly derived morphology and astounding diversity of snakes has long inspired debate regarding the ecological and evolutionary origin of both the snake totalgroup panserpentes and crown snakes serpentes. Few species of snakes show extensive adaptations to aquatic environments and even fewer exploit the oceans. The body varies from grey to almost black and there are indistinct cross bands present. The family acrochordidae consists of a single genus, acrochordus. Because they have such a unique and comical appearance more on that later, elephant trunk snakes could be viewed as novelty pets, but in this blog article, well explain why we feel these snakes are best suited for experienced reptile keepers. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Record of acrochordus granulatus in a freshwater habitat. Higherlevel relationships of caenophidian snakes inferred. Thai man bitten by monocled cobra naja pet cobra in thailand kills expat or, suicide. A record of the banded file snake, acrochordus granulatus reptilia.
Acrochordus granulatus is also known as the little file snake because it is the smallest in. The absence of data does not equate to lack of effects. An glaucostegus granulatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga glaucostegus, ngan familia nga rhinobatidae. Although caenophidian snakes are a wellsupported clade, their inferred affinities, based either on molecular or morphological data, remain poorly known or controversial. A record of the banded file snake, acrochordus granulatus. Distribution and conservation of file snake acrochordus granulatus schneider, 1799 reptilia. Serpentes, with special consideration of the oticooccipital complex.
The elephant trunk snake acrochordus javanicus is quite a bizarre species of snake that has very specific care requirements. Largescale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergencetime. We conducted wholegenome shotgun sequencing to obtain ultralow coverage, random genomic sampling from ten african and asian squamate reptile species representing ten genera. The body varies from grey to almost black and there are indistinct cross bands present, these bands are not particularly obvious on the belly. The first ever snakes database around the country bangladesh, being located in the humid tropical region is very rich in species diversity both for flora and fauna. Acrochordus granulatus is also known as the little file snake because it is the smallest in the genus, reaching a maximum length of about 1 m, while the other two species may be between 1. It is known as the little file snake, marine file snake, and little wart snake. Acrochordidae a family of nonpoisonous aquatic snakes. Mar 17, 2014 acrochordus granulosus, the little file snake is know to be fussy feeders and difficult to keep in captivity. Whereas granulatus refers to the granularshaped scales of the species. Acrochordus granulatus, the little file snake feeding on. Taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species, such as turtles, snakes, lizards, and crocodiles, as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians, but does not include dinosaurs. Scales found on top of labials are relatively bigger in size. Acrochordus granulatus has a prominent central skin fold, and a laterally compressed tail lillywhite, 1991.
The acrochordidae, commonly known as wart snakes, java wart snakes, file snakes, elephant trunk snakes, or dogface snakes, are a monogeneric family created for the genus acrochordus. A checklist of reptiles of kerala state is presented, along with their scientific, english and malayalam names, endemic status, conservation status in the latest iucn red list category, different schedules of indian wildlife protection act and the appendices of cites. This snake is found associated with water where it feeds on small fish and other aquatic animals. This page was last edited on 27 november 2012, at 11. Snake species within the genus acrochordus are called file snakes or wart snakes due to their loose skin and rough scales, which is used to hold their. Little file snake, acrochordus granulatus, schneider 1799 hydrus granulatus schneider 1799. Cleanlists of indian reptiles from the reptile database. Oct 26, 2012 this page was last edited on 27 november 2012, at 11.
Marine invasions by nonsea snakes, with thoughts on. It is known as the little file snake, marine file snake, 3 and little wart snake. These are low metabolism snakes, feeding and reproducing infrequently and incapable of active swimming for more than a few minutes. Download kml csv geojson species details kingdom animalia animals class reptilia reptiles family acrochordidae file snakes scientific name acrochordus granulatus schneider, 1799 common name little file snake wildnet taxon id 572 synonyms chersydrus granulatus acrochordus fasciatus hydrus granulatus chersydrus fasciatus chersydrus. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Caenophidian snakes include the file snake genus acrochordus and advanced colubroidean snakes that radiated mainly during the neogene. Designed to live under water, the skeleton and scales of the acrochordus appears floppy. Acrochordus javanicus, clas fredrik hornstedt, 1787 acrochordus javanicus, commonly known as the elephant trunk snake, belongs to the acrochordidae family which represents a group of primitive nonvenomous aquatic snakes. Biodiversity in sri lanka is a mixture of colonization and endemic radiations. Acrochordus granulatus acrochordus arafurae acrochordus javanicus. Evolutionary stability of sex chromosomes in snakes. They are distributed from india and indochina to new guinea. A survey of morphology, lifestyles, and habitats of 2552 alethenophidian snakes revealed 362 14% that use aquatic environments, are semiaquatic, or aquatic.
Among them are seven species of sea turtles and about 80 species and subspecies of sea snakes, as well as a few other species that are occasionally or regularly found in brackish waters, including various other snakes, the saltwater crocodile, and the marine iguana of the galapagos islands. These are aquatic snakes, although found in different habitats to one another. Genuslevel phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of. Banded file snakes acrochordus granulatus on the shores. The most important representative of acrochordidae is the javan wart snake acrochordus javanicus, which is up to 2. The tested genes with homologues on aca6 are also zspecific in the members of the families pareatidae, acrochordidae and xenodermatidae, with the single exception of the gene tanc2, which seems to be pseudoautosomal in acrochordus granulatus. A similar study of development in the otic region of the modern file snake, acrochordus granulatus, was undertaken by rieppel and zaher 2001 in their analysis of the pattern and process. Acrochordus granulatus, johann gottlob schneider, 1799 acrochordus granulatus is a snake species found from india through southeast asia to the solomon islands. A break up of the genus acrochordus hornstedt, 1787, into two tribes, three genera and the description of two new species serpentes. At least 49 sri lankan snakes are endemic, among the highest rates in the world for islands. All structured data from the main, property, lexeme, and entityschema namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Higher taxa, acrochordidae, caenophidia, alethinophidia, serpentes, squamata snakes. May 04, 2011 a record of the banded file snake, acrochordus granulatus reptilia.
Oceans cover 71% of the earths surface with a minimum of 356,000 km of coastline, yet only 2. Hydrus granulatus raffles 1822 acrochordus granulatus cantor 1847 chersydrus annulatus gray 1849. For example, a thicker dermis might protect snakes when they are pushed against sharp objects by water currents, and might enable a snake to shed fouling organisms attached to its skin. Genuslevel phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of species richness in sri lanka. It is completely aquatic and almost helpless on land. Acrochordus article about acrochordus by the free dictionary. Here we document the addition of thousands of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci pals and associated primer sequences for public use. Banded file snakes acrochordus granulatus on the shores of. Acrochordidae in a freshwater habitat in singapore. They inhabit shallow waters along coasts, around islands and coral reefs, river mouths and travel into rivers more than 150 km away from the open ocean. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Largescale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence. This page was last edited on 12 december 2014, at 05. Of the more than 12,000 species and subspecies of extant reptiles, about 100 have reentered the ocean.
This is a group of primitive aquatic snakes found in australia and tropical asia. Highlights the sri lankan snake fauna consists of at least 89 species in 11 families and 38 genera. Acrochordus hornstedt, 1787 references edit hoser, r. Mid body area has 100150 rows of small contiguous scales with keels. Thailand herping report by david frohlich acrochordus granulatus chiang mai snake, thailand snake farms raided. They are heavybodied and vary in length from about six to eight feet. Here, we provide an expanded molecular phylogenetic analysis of caenophidia and use three. Mitochondrial gene sequences have also played an important role in attempts to resolve the contentious phylogenetic relationships of especially the early divergences. An glaucostegus granulatus in uska species han rajiformes nga syahan ginhulagway ni cuvier hadton 1829. A checklist of reptiles of kerala, india journal of. Acrochordidae banded file snake by lee gang, 2011 from taxo2454. The development of the skull in acrochordus granulatus schneider reptilia. Acrochordus granulatus, the little file snake feeding on dead. According to the report funded by undp, iucn has reported that the country has about 1 species of mammals, over 630 species of birds, 125 species of reptiles and 22 species of.
Species, acrochordus granulatus schneider, 1799 wart snake, marine file snake, little filesnake. Acrochordus granulosus, the little file snake is know to be fussy feeders and difficult to keep in captivity. A break up of the genus acrochordus hornstedt, 1787, into two tribes, three genera and the description. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Record of acrochordus granulatus in a freshwater habitat in. Javan filesnake acrochordus javanicus species profile. Little file snake, acrochordus granulatus, schneider 1799. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
All three species are marked chiefly by their very loose skin, which hangs in folds and has granular scales. Species profile acrochordus granulatus little file snake. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. The major snake lineages holding marine and fresh water taxa are listed in table 1, and a list of species known and suspected to use brackish water and marine. The development of the skull in acrochordus granulatus. This secondary database is not only going to provide the viewer and researcher a one stop web for descriptive information regarding the available snake species of bangladesh but also a strong base for bioinformatics analysis. Invasive species list and scorecards for california. Although speculation abounds on the ecology, behavior, and provenance of the earliest snakes, a rigorous, cladewide analysis of snake origins has yet to be attempted, in part.
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